Throughout human history, the concept of death has been intertwined with elaborate rituals, religious beliefs, and a deep reverence for the afterlife. This concept of death and where we go once we die has fascinated civilizations since the beginning.
Because of this fascination with death and the afterlife, many ancient civilizations constructed necropolises and burial sites to ensure the safe passage of souls into the afterlife. These grand tombs, often built with as much care and attention as the cities for the living, stand as a testament to ancient societies’ belief systems, cultures, and architectural prowess.
Table of Contents
- 10 Worldwide Ancient Cities Built for the Afterlife: Exploring Tombs and Necropolises
- 1. The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
- 2. Valley of the Kings, Egypt
- 3. The Necropolis of Saqqara, Egypt
- 4. The Terracotta Army, China
- 5. Petra, Jordan
- 6. Taj Mahal, India
- 7. The Necropolis of Pantalica, Sicily
- 8. The City of the Dead, Cairo, Egypt
- 9. The Royal Tombs of Sipán, Peru
- 10. The Catacombs of Paris, France
- Why You Should Visit These Ancient Burial Sites
- Exploring Tombs and Necropolises By Traveling Through Time
- Related Questions
10 Worldwide Ancient Cities Built for the Afterlife: Exploring Tombs and Necropolises
Read on as we explore 10 of the world’s most fascinating ancient burial sites, each a window into the worldviews of ancient peoples.
These necropolises and tombs are not just relics of the past; they are destinations for modern travelers intrigued by the mysteries of life after death. From Egypt to Peru, these ancient cities of the dead are awe-inspiring, and we’ll provide insights into why you should consider visiting them and the best ways to do so.
1. The Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
Why It’s a Top Site
No list of ancient burial sites would be complete without mentioning the Pyramids of Giza. Built around 4,500 years ago, these iconic structures were designed as tombs for the pharaohs of Egypt, particularly for Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.
The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the three, was once the tallest man-made structure in the world and is the only surviving wonder of the ancient world. Together with the Sphinx, these pyramids symbolize Egypt’s grandeur and the pharaohs’ aspirations for immortality.
Best Way to Visit
Giza is just a short drive from Cairo, making it easily accessible to travelers. Most tours combine a visit to the Pyramids with the Sphinx and the nearby Solar Boat Museum, where an ancient ship used for the pharaoh’s journey to the afterlife is displayed.
A sunset camel ride around the pyramids offers a unique perspective and a magical way to conclude your visit.
Why Visit?
Visiting the Pyramids of Giza is a step into one of the most iconic chapters of human history. They are a marvel of ancient engineering and offer insight into the Egyptian belief in the afterlife, where the pharaohs prepared for eternity among the gods.
2. Valley of the Kings, Egypt
Why It’s a Top Site
Just across the Nile from Luxor, the Valley of the Kings is another of Egypt’s most famous burial sites. Here, in a series of hidden tombs carved into the rock, the pharaohs of the New Kingdom (16th to 11th centuries BCE) were laid to rest.
The most famous tomb is King Tutankhamun, which Howard Carter discovered almost intact in 1922. This necropolis was built believing these hidden burial chambers would protect the pharaohs from robbers.
Best Way to Visit
The Valley of the Kings can be reached by car or boat from Luxor. A guided tour is highly recommended, as visitors can enter several tombs, each elaborately decorated with hieroglyphs and scenes from the Book of the Dead.
The tomb of Ramses VI and the well-preserved tomb of Tutankhamun are must-sees.
Why Visit?
The Valley of the Kings provides an intimate look into the burial practices of Egypt’s most powerful rulers. The intricate art adorning the tomb walls offers a glimpse into the spiritual beliefs and the soul’s journey to the afterlife. It’s also an opportunity to see firsthand one of history’s most significant archaeological finds.
3. The Necropolis of Saqqara, Egypt
Why It’s a Top Site
Saqqara, located near Cairo, is home to the oldest pyramid in Egypt—the Step Pyramid of Djoser. This vast burial ground served as a cemetery for Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt. Saqqara is remarkable for its pyramids and the range of tombs that showcase various architectural styles over centuries.
Best Way to Visit
Saqqara is a short drive from Cairo, making it an easy addition to any visit to the Pyramids of Giza. A day tour from the city typically includes Saqqara, allowing visitors to explore the Step Pyramid and the surrounding tombs, such as the Tomb of Mereruka, with its stunning reliefs.
Why Visit?
Saqqara is a fascinating exploration of the evolution of pyramid construction and tomb design in ancient Egypt. Compared to Giza, it offers a quieter, less tourist-heavy experience, allowing for a more personal reflection on the eternal aspirations of the ancient Egyptians.
4. The Terracotta Army, China
Why It’s a Top Site
Discovered in 1974, the Terracotta Army is one of China’s most incredible archaeological finds. Located in Xi’an, this massive collection of life-sized terracotta soldiers was buried with Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, to protect him in the afterlife. Each soldier is unique, with distinct facial expressions and armor, showcasing the craftsmanship of ancient Chinese artisans.
Best Way to Visit
Flights and trains well connect Xi’an to major cities like Beijing and Shanghai. The Terracotta Army Museum offers a well-organized experience, guiding visitors through the excavation pits where thousands of figures stand. Combining a visit here with a trip to the ancient city wall of Xi’an is a great way to understand the region’s historical importance.
Why Visit?
The Terracotta Army offers a unique glimpse into ancient Chinese beliefs about the afterlife and Emperor Qin’s immense power. The sheer scale and detail of the army are overwhelming, and seeing them in person is a moving experience for anyone interested in China’s history.
5. Petra, Jordan
Why It’s a Top Site
While Petra is famous for its stunning rock-cut architecture, it is also home to a sprawling cemetery. The Nabataeans, an ancient Arab civilization, carved intricate tombs into the rose-red cliffs of Petra. The most famous of these is Al-Khazneh, or “The Treasury,” but the entire site is filled with elaborate tombs that showcase the wealth and skill of the Nabataeans.
Best Way to Visit
The best way to visit Petra is by flying into Amman, Jordan, and then driving or taking a bus. Petra requires at least a full day to explore, and visitors should consider staying in nearby Wadi Musa to take in the site over two days. A nighttime visit to Petra, lit by candles, offers an unforgettable experience.
Why Visit?
Petra’s tombs are a stunning example of ancient craftsmanship and offer insight into the Nabataean civilization, which thrived through trade. Walking through this ancient city, surrounded by towering rock-cut tombs, feels like stepping into another world—a city built both for the living and the dead.
6. Taj Mahal, India
Why It’s a Top Site
The Taj Mahal, often regarded as the most beautiful building in the world, is a mausoleum built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Though it is primarily a symbol of love, the Taj Mahal is also a remarkable tomb, with its white marble dome housing the graves of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.
Best Way to Visit
The Taj Mahal is located in Agra, easily reached by train or car from Delhi. Visiting at sunrise or sunset offers the most magical views of the monument. For a fuller historical experience, combine visiting the Taj Mahal with the nearby Agra Fort.
Why Visit?
The Taj Mahal’s stunning architecture and the love story behind its creation make it a must-visit destination. It’s a prime example of how the idea of the afterlife can inspire some of the world’s most outstanding architectural achievements.
7. The Necropolis of Pantalica, Sicily
Why It’s a Top Site
Located in southeastern Sicily, the Necropolis of Pantalica is a lesser-known but equally fascinating ancient burial site. Dating back to the 13th century BCE, it consists of over 5,000 rock-cut tombs spread across a rugged limestone landscape. The tombs are scattered along cliffs overlooking deep ravines, creating a dramatic and remote setting.
Best Way to Visit
To visit Pantalica, travelers can base themselves in the nearby town of Syracuse. The cemetery is best explored by hiking through the area’s scenic trails. Guided tours are available, though independent travelers can also navigate the trails.
Why Visit?
Pantalica offers a unique blend of natural beauty and ancient history. The sheer scale of the cemetery and its dramatic location make it a memorable destination for those interested in exploring lesser-known archaeological sites off the beaten path.
8. The City of the Dead, Cairo, Egypt
Why It’s a Top Site
The City of the Dead, or Al-Qarafa, is a sprawling Islamic necropolis in Cairo that has been used as a burial ground since the 7th century. This site is unique because it is not just a place for the dead; today, many people live in and around the tombs. This blend of the living and the dead in one space offers an unusual cultural experience.
Best Way to Visit
Located within Cairo, the City of the Dead can be visited easily as part of a more extensive city exploration. However, as it is a living neighborhood and not just an archaeological site, a guided tour is recommended to navigate the site.
Why Visit?
The City of the Dead is a rare example of a living necropolis where modern life coexists with centuries-old tombs. It offers a profound experience for visitors exploring a unique cultural and historical intersection. Here, you can see how life in Cairo continues amidst the tombs of long-deceased Islamic rulers, saints, and scholars, making it a truly one-of-a-kind destination for necropolis travel.
9. The Royal Tombs of Sipán, Peru
Why It’s a Top Site
The Royal Tombs of Sipán, located in northern Peru, are considered one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in the Americas. These tombs belong to the Moche culture, flourishing from 100 to 700 CE. The most famous discovery is that of the Lord of Sipán, a Moche ruler buried with a wealth of gold, jewels, and sacrificial offerings. The preservation of the tombs and the quality of the artifacts found within offer a rare glimpse into the elite burial practices of this pre-Columbian civilization.
Best Way to Visit
The Royal Tombs are located near the city of Chiclayo, which is accessible by bus or flight from Lima. The nearby Museum of the Royal Tombs of Sipán houses many of the site’s artifacts and is the best starting point for your visit. A guided tour of the museum and the excavation sites is highly recommended to understand the cultural significance of the finds.
Why Visit?
Visiting the Royal Tombs of Sipán allows travelers to explore one of the world’s most richly adorned burial sites. The stunning artifacts on display demonstrate the Moche civilization’s mastery of goldwork and elaborate burial rituals. It’s a must-visit for anyone interested in ancient South American cultures.
10. The Catacombs of Paris, France
Why It’s a Top Site
The Catacombs of Paris are a labyrinthine network of tunnels beneath the city, where the remains of more than six million people were transferred in the late 18th century. Originally quarries, these tunnels became a mass burial site when the city’s cemeteries became overcrowded. The walls of the catacombs are lined with carefully arranged skulls and bones, creating a haunting yet mesmerizing display of human mortality.
Best Way to Visit
The entrance to the Paris Catacombs is located in the 14th arrondissement, and tickets should be booked in advance due to high demand. Guided tours are available, and they offer deeper insights into the site’s history and significance. Because the catacombs stretch for miles, only a small portion is open to the public, but this is more than enough to get a sense of the eerie beauty of the space.
Why Visit?
The Paris Catacombs offer a macabre yet fascinating exploration of the city’s history, providing a stark reminder of life and death. The bones’ artistic arrangement and the tunnels’ vastness make it one of the most unique burial sites in the world, appealing to those curious about the darker aspects of history.
Why You Should Visit These Ancient Burial Sites
A Glimpse into Ancient Beliefs
One of the most compelling reasons to visit these ancient burial sites is the opportunity to understand how different civilizations viewed life after death. These necropolises are not just tombs; they reflect cultural and religious beliefs about the afterlife, the soul, and the divine.
By exploring these sites, you can better appreciate how the dead were honored and how the living prepared for their eventual journey into the afterlife.
Architectural Marvels
Many of these burial sites are also architectural wonders, built with techniques that still puzzle modern engineers. The Pyramids of Giza, the rock-cut tombs of Petra, and the intricately carved facades of the Royal Tombs of Sipán all showcase ancient builders’ incredible skill and artistry. Visiting these sites allows you to witness firsthand the ingenuity and craftsmanship that went into constructing cities for the dead.
Cultural Insight
Tombs and necropolises are often more than just burial grounds—they are repositories of culture, art, and history. These sites’ elaborate decorations, treasures, and even the physical layout tell stories about the societies that built them. Whether it’s the hieroglyphs in the Valley of the Kings or the gold jewelry of the Moche, these artifacts provide insight into the daily lives, social structures, and beliefs of ancient civilizations.
Unique Travel Experience
For travelers looking for something beyond the usual tourist destinations, ancient burial sites offer a unique and thought-provoking journey. These places often have a solemn, meditative atmosphere that contrasts sharply with more commercial tourist spots. Walking through a cemetery or standing inside a grand tomb can be a humbling experience, reminding us of the impermanence of life and the enduring power of human creativity.
Historical Significance
Many of the sites on this list are significant not only for their historical and cultural importance but also for their role in advancing our understanding of ancient civilizations. The discovery of tombs like Tutankhamun or the Lord of Sipán has reshaped our understanding of history, providing crucial information about the people who came before us. Visiting these sites allows you to stand where history was made and see the artifacts that have shaped our modern understanding of ancient cultures.
Exploring Tombs and Necropolises By Traveling Through Time
Exploring ancient tombs and necropolises is a journey through time, offering a chance to connect with civilizations that existed thousands of years ago. From the grandeur of the Pyramids of Giza to the haunting beauty of the Paris Catacombs, these cities of the dead are as diverse as the cultures that built them. Each site offers something different—ancient craftsmen’s intricate artistry, powerful rulers’ stories, or the eerie silence of forgotten tombs.
For travelers, visiting these sites is not just about seeing impressive architecture or learning about history; it’s about reflecting on the universal human experience of life and death and hoping for something beyond. So, pack your bags, grab your camera, and prepare to embark on a journey through the world’s most fascinating burial cities—places where the dead continue to speak to the living through stone, art, and memory.
By exploring these sites, you will witness the eternal echoes of past civilizations and walk in the footsteps of those who sought to make their mark on history and ensure their place in the afterlife.
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